📺
Survey of Alternative Displays
  • Survey of Alternative Displays - 2024 Update Notes
  • 2022 Update Notes
  • Introduction
  • Outline
  • Standard Displays
    • Standard Displays Overview
    • LED
    • Projector
  • Alternative Displays
    • Overview
    • Transparent
    • Volumetric Displays
    • Modified Polarizers
    • Electronic Paper/E-Ink
    • Flexible Displays
    • Lasers and Laser Projectors
    • Lenticular and Multiview Displays
    • Light-field Displays
    • Head Mounted Displays
    • Circular and Non Rectangular
  • Techniques
    • Overview
    • Pepper's Ghost
    • Projection on Static Transparent Material
    • Volumetric Projection
    • Projection on Water or Fog
    • Diffusion and Distortion Techniques
  • Experimental/Other
    • Overview
    • Physical/Mechanical Displays
    • Switchable Glass
    • Drone Displays
    • Ultrasonic Atomization of Water
    • Electrochromic Paint
    • Light activated and other Reactive Surfaces and Materials
    • Scanning Fiber Optics
    • Acoustic Levitation Display
    • Plasma Combustion
    • High Refresh Rate Displays
    • Other Experiments
  • Legacy
    • Overview
    • Cathode Ray Tube
    • Eggcrate and other Numeric Displays
    • Glasses-enabled 3D
    • Pyrotechnics and Other Curiosities
  • Closing Notes
  • Appendix
    • Holograms and the Ideal Display
    • Misleading Terms
    • Notes about Touch Screens
    • Virtual Production and XR
    • LCD Polarizer Removal
    • DIY Transparent Screens
    • Acknowledgements and Additional References
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Survey of Alternative Displays - 2024 Update Notes

Next2022 Update Notes

Last updated 11 months ago

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(Original version from )

This article was originally , but its length on a single page made it very unweildy to keep it updated with fresh content. The original was made in 2015, with a major revision in 2022. In 2024 I added a bunch more and reconfigured some categories.

This update will be ongoing and some sections may be more updated than others. Gitbook may not be the final resting place but it seems like the best approach for now.

To add/Added in 2024:

  • Recategorize:

    • ✅ Need to change Lightfield category to capture things like autostereoscopic lenticular and multiview. Need to move Looking Glass

    • ✅ Might need to update "Volumetric" to be things like swept volume

  • Add sections on:

    • ✅ What is a "display"?

    • (not in yet) How do I find the right kind of display for my use case? What environmental factors make some displays a better use than others? Perhaps a display matrix with different conditions that are highlighted?

    • ✅Anaglyph glasses? Chromadepth?

    • (not in yet) Depth cues? (already in Misleading terms, but could be broken out more)

    • ✅What are qualities of an ideal display?

    • ✅What is the promise of a holographic display?

    • ✅Add Circular or Non Rectangular display category

  • Displays or companies to add:

    • ✅ JDI 8K Light Field Display from 2019

    • ✅ Projection Scrim:

      • ✅ Hologauze

      • ✅ Carbon Black

    • ✅ Multiview:

      • ✅ Real Fiction Multiview

      • ✅ USC Multiview with 72 projectors

    • Head Mounted displays

      • ✅ SWave (could also be considered experimental)

    • Kinetic:

      • ✅ PJ-Link 3D LED TV Display - actuated LED panels

    • ✅ Autostereoscopic

      • ✅ Seecubic

      • ✅Lightspace Technologies

      • ✅ Sony Spatial Reality

      • ✅ Dimenco (Leia?)

    • ✅ Light Field or Field of Light Displays:

      • ✅ Avalon Holographics

    • Swept Volume

    • Optical/peppers ghost

      • ✅ ASKA3D

    • Kinetic:

      • ✅ Pj Link mechanical (didnt add all of these, but most):

    • Not sure of category:

      • Pacific Light and Hologram (not sure what they do, just heard of them in passing)

  • Added:

    • ✅JDI Rælclear to transparent LCD section

    • ✅Nixie tubes to vintage area?

    • ✅UV activated materials (photochromic pigments and paints) to light activated surfaces

    • ✅Rollable LG tv to flexible displays

    • ✅Royole Flexible tree display and flexible panels - https://global.royole.com/us/rotree

    • ✅Hologauze, Holonet, and Carbon Black to Transparent Projection

Notes on Contributing Updates

Content contributions are encouraged and welcomed! Please submit a pull request and I'll get back to you.

Categorizing:

While there are a ton of top level categories and a bit of inconsitency in how I'm organizing, I'm going to do my best to keep things in certain places. If you have a display technology that only has a single example, it will most likely be a better for the "Experimental" category instead of just the alternative display category.

In my (rough)categorization:

  • Alternative Displays: mostly commercial products and things you can buy or rent right now

  • Techniques: a combination of a commercial product and a fabrication/optical technique

  • Experimental/Other: this is a catchall for one-off art projects and lab/research experiments. Not a clear line between this and the technique section - open to suggestions on clearer delineations.

  • Legacy: mostly for things that are discontinued or no longer used

Images:

I'd like to reduce the reliance on external images hosted that could eventually disappear. Please include images in the repo - just make sure they aren't overly large (<10-5mb please, aim for a compressed jpg if possible)

Gitbook works a little differently with images and they are stored in the .gitbook asset directory and have relative paths. See this example from the page in /Alternative Displays/Lasers and Laser Projectors.md

![Matthew Schreiber's Focal Point](../.gitbook/assets/Ontario.jpg)

Content Embeds:

One important note is for embedding content, Gitbook uses a custom format for embeds - html/iframe would also be fine, but for consistency I've mostly stuck with Gitbook's formatting which looks like this:

{% embed url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WxgVYCxShvA" %}

Note the odd spelling of "endembed" instead of embedded when adding a comment beneath an embed. Ideally adding a comment for what the video is will be hugely helpful later whenever youtube videos aren't visible.

{% embed url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1pa3UX89GA" %} Rollable OLED {% endembed %}

🌟If you're on Github: This page is auto generated by Gitbook and is more readable , especially for things like embedded videos.

If you're on Gitbook, the link to the . Please contribute if you'd like!

If your project or image is featured here and you would prefer me to remove it, please send me a message/email/etc (contact info on ). Additionally, if you have something you think needs to change or be added, please submit a pull request and I'll add it in (or send me an email!).

✅

✅Mini volumetric -

Wayfinding leds:

Mechanical overview:

✅ transparent mirror and

✅

✅

✅ DoMoCo drone:

✅Transparent OLED with black pixels

✅One Plane Displays or projection displays:

✅Stacked RGB pixels:

at the link here
Github for this article is here
my website
USC Rotating Display
https://youtu.be/HKpBhE7QVAI?si=4uf6Si9HyYOtIBYa
https://www.fluidreality.com/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNYp_R1sriw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19l453Vj_60
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/_tWAruYoVHc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Swt6U6aD2OY
KentOptronics Switchable LCD
other products
MicroOLED
VividQ
Liminal Space
https://www.docomo.ne.jp/english/info/media_center/pr/2021/1112_01.html
https://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1673336078
https://www.industrialalchemy.org/articleview.php?item=511
https://news.mit.edu/2023/vertical-stacked-color-microscopic-leds-0201
Blair Neal
created and hosted on Medium